Thursday, March 30, 2006
In the past, foreign nurses have predominantly worked in nursing homes and in hospitls in urban settings, out of sight of many white, middle-class patents, Brush said, but "I thik they are going to become more visible across a wider array of inome patients could have concerns about nurses' culturornia and Ne Yrk were home to nearly half of all forign nurse maintaining a predominantly white femapool of American-trained nurses?Has recruiting a pedominantly female foreign labor wrks?What are our ethical responsibilities to the countries from which w take these nurses? For exmple, the U.S.
The 1950s also saw the more rational planning of hospital services, dealing in part with some of the gaps and duplications that existed across England and Wales. The period also saw the growth in the number of medical staff and a more even distribution of these staff together with the development of hospital outpatient services. The Mental Health Act of 1959 also significantly altered legislation in respect of mental illness and reduced the grounds on which someone could be compulsorily admitted and detained in a mental hospital.
The 1960s has been characterised as a period of growth for the NHS. In primary care a more equitable distribution of GPs was emerging as was the concept of the primary healthcare team. The period also saw a growth in health centres. More mental health patients were discharged back into the community and Enoch Powell, who was Minister of Health in the early 1960s, predicted that many of the large mental health institutions would close within ten years. Concern also continued to grow about the structure of the NHS and the difficulties of the tripartite system which separated hospital, community and primary care services. A number of papers were published and committees and commissions established in the late 1960s which put forward proposals for major changes in the structure and organisation of the NHS.
The NHS in England was reorganised in 1974 to bring together services provided by hospitals and services provided by local authorities under the umbrella of Regional Health Authorities, with a further restructuring in . The also saw the end of the economic optimism which had characterised the 1960s and increasing pressures coming to bear to reduce the amount of money spent on public services and to ensureincreasingly clear that the NHS would never have the resources necessary to provlatiion of General Management to replace the previous system of consensus management. This wason was provided by the government to the NHS. In 1988 the then Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, announced a review of the NHS. From this review and in 1989, two white papers Working for Patients al became "fund holders" and were able to purchase care for their patients directly. The "providers" became independent trusts, which encouraged competition but also increased differences.
Although some view healthcare from an economic perspective as being no different from other products or services, others believe it has many characteristics that encourage government intervention or regulation The provision of critical healthcare treatment is often regarded as a basic human right, regardless of whether the individual has the means to pay—some treatments cost more than a typical family's life savings. Healthcare professionals are bound by law and their oaths of service to provide lifesaving treatment. Healthcare professionals are monopolists in various respects: surgery, gynecology, prescribing, etc. Consumers often lack the information or understanding to be able to choose rationally between competing healthcare providers when they need treatment, particularly in the event of the neents, while 16 Afican countries have an avera00 nurses for every The ealthcare industry is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing industries. Consuming over 10 percent of gross domestic product of most develope ntions, health care can frm an enormous part of a country's economy. In 2003, health care costs paid to hospitals, doctors, nursing homes, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacies, medical device manufacturers and other componnts of the health care system, consumed 15.3 percent of the GDP of the United States, the largest of any country in the world. In 2001, for the OECD countries the average was 8 percentwith the United States Switzerland and Germany being the top three.The healthcare industry includes the delivery of health services by doctors and other allied health providers. Usually such servies receive payment frm the patient or from the patient's insurance company; although they may be government-financed such as the National Health Service in the United Kingdom or delivered by charitie or volunteers, particuas serve in the U.S. Filipino nursemay care for frican-American or Hispanic patients in New York hospitalippines Nurses Association, the Association of Hispanic Nurses, the Indian Nurses Association and other organized groups of nurses as a way to give voce to the uniqueout, in part, if they came to the U.S. with plans to stay permanently or just to earn a higher wae for a few years then return home. In the past, foreign nurses have said the planned to stay for three to five years, but because their visas were not well regulated, they often opted to stay longer.




0 Comments:
Post a Comment
<< Home